INCOME TAX ACT, 2008

INDEX

 

 

Chapter I

PRELIMINARY

1            Short title, extent and commencement

2            Definitions

3            "Previous year" defined

Chapter II

BASIS OF CHARGE

 

4            Charge of income-tax

5            Scope of total income

5A          Apportionment of income between spouses governed by Portuguese Civil Code

6            Residence in India

7            Income deemed to be received

8            Dividend income

9            Income deemed to accrue or arise in India

 

Chapter III

INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOME

 

10          Incomes not included in total income

10A        Special provision in respect of newly established undertakings in free trade zone, etc

10AA      Special provisions in respect of newly established Units in Special Economic Zones

10B        Special provisions in respect of newly established hundred per cent export-oriented undertakings

10BA      Special provisions in respect of export of certain articles or things

10BB      Meaning of computer programmes in certain cases

10C        Special provision in respect of certain industrial undertakings in North-Eastern Region

11          Income from property held for charitable or religious purposes

12          Income of trusts or institutions from contributions

12A        Conditions for applicability of sections 11 and 12

12AA      Procedure for registration

13          Section 11 not to apply in certain cases

13A        Special provision relating to incomes of political parties

 

Chapter IV

COMPUTATION OF TOTAL INCOME

 

Heads of income

14          Heads of income

14A        Expenditure incurred in relation to income not includible in total income

 

A. – Salaries

15          Salaries

16          Deductions from salaries

17          Salary, perquisite and profits in lieu of salary defined

 

B. - [Omitted]

18          [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1988 W.E.F. 1-4-1989]

19          [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1988 W.E.F. 1-4-1989]

21          [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1988 W.E.F. 1-4-1989]

20          [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1988 W.E.F. 1-4-1989]

 

C. - Income from house property

22          Income from house property

23          Annual value how determined

24          Deductions from income from house property

25          Amounts not deductible from income from house property

25A        Special provision for cases where unrealised rent allowed as deduction is realised subsequently

25AA      Unrealized rent received subsequently to be charged to income-tax

25B        Special provision for arrears of rent received

26          Property owned by co-owners

27          Owner of house property, annual charge, etc., defined

 

D. - Profits and gains of business or profession

 

28          Profits and gains of business or profession

29          Income from profits and gains of business or profession, how computed

30          Rent, rates, taxes, repairs and insurance for buildings

31          Repairs and insurance of machinery, plant and furniture

32          Depreciation

32A        Investment allowance

32AB      Investment deposit account

33          Development rebate

33A        Development allowance

33AB      Tea development account, coffee development account and rubber development account

33ABA    Site Restoration Fund

33AC      Reserves for shipping business

33B        Rehabilitation allowance

34          Conditions for depreciation allowance and development rebate

34A        Restriction on unabsorbed depreciation and unabsorbed investment allowance for limited period in case of certain domestic companies

35          Expenditure on scientific research

35A        Expenditure on acquisition of patent rights or copyrights

35AB      Expenditure on know-how

35ABB    Expenditure for obtaining licence to operate telecommunication services

35AC      Expenditure on eligible projects or schemes

35B        [OMITTED BY THE DIRECT TAX LAWS (AMENDMENT) ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-4-1989]

35C        [OMITTED BY THE DIRECT TAX LAWS (AMENDMENT) ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-4-1989]

35CC      [OMITTED BY THE DIRECT TAX LAWS (AMENDMENT) ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-4-1989]

35CCA    Expenditure by way of payment to associations and institutions for carrying out rural development programmes

35CCB    Expenditure by way of payment to associations and institutions for carrying out programmes of conservation of natural resources

35D        Amortization of certain preliminary expenses

35DD      Amortization of expenditure in case of amalgamation or demerger

35DDA    Amortization of expenditure incurred under voluntary retirement scheme

35E         Deduction for expenditure on prospecting, etc., for certain minerals

36          Other deductions

37          General

38          Building, etc., partly used for business, etc., or not exclusively so used

39          [OMITTED BY THE DIRECT TAX LAWS (AMENDMENT) ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-4-1989]

40          Amounts not deductible

40A        Expenses or payments not deductible in certain circumstances

41          Profits chargeable to tax

42          Special provision for deductions in the case of business for prospecting, etc., for mineral oil

43          Definitions of certain terms relevant to income from profits and gains of business or profession

43A        Special provisions consequential to changes in rate of exchange of currency

43B        Certain deductions to be only on actual payment

43C        Special provision for computation of cost of acquisition of certain assets

43D        Special provision in case of income of public financial institutions, public companies, etc.

44          Insurance business

44A        Special provision for deduction in the case of trade, professional or similar association

44AA      Maintenance of accounts by certain persons carrying on profession or business

44AB      Audit of accounts of certain persons carrying on business or profession

44AC      [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1992, W.E.F. 1-4-1993]

44AD      Special provision for computing profits and gains of business of civil construction, etc.

44AE       Special provision for computing profits and gains of business of plying, hiring or leasing goods carriages

44AF       Special provisions for computing profits and gains of retail business

44B        Special provision for computing profits and gains of shipping business in the case of non-residents

44BB      Special provision for computing profits and gains in connection with the business of exploration, etc., of mineral oils

44BBA    Special provision for computing profits and gains of the business of operation of aircraft in the case of non-residents

44BBB    Special provision for computing profits and gains of foreign companies, engaged in the business of civil construction, etc., in certain turnkey power projects

44C        Deduction of head office expenditure in the case of non-residents

44D        Special provisions for computing income by way of royalties, etc., in the case of foreign companies

44DA      Special provision for computing income by way of royalties, etc., in case of non-residents

44DB      Special provision for computing deductions in the case of business reorganization of co-operative banks

E. - Capital gains

45          Capital gains

46          Capital gains on distribution of assets by companies in liquidation

46A        Capital gains on purchase by company of its own shares or other specified securities

47          Transactions not regarded as transfer

47A        Withdrawal of exemption in certain cases

48          Mode of computation

49          Cost with reference to certain modes of acquisition

50          Special provision for computation of capital gains in case of depreciable assets

50A        Special provision for cost of acquisition in case of depreciable asset

50B        Special provision for computation of capital gains in case of slump sale

50C        Special provision for full value of consideration in certain cases

51          Advance money received

52          [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-4-1988]

53          [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1992, W.E.F. 1-4-1993]

54          Profit on sale of property used for residence

54A        [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE (NO. 2) ACT, 1971, W.E.F. 1-4-1972]

54B        Capital gain on transfer of land used for agricultural purposes not to be charged in certain cases

54C        [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1976, W.E.F. 1-4-1976]

54D        Capital gain on compulsory acquisition of lands and buildings not to be charged in certain cases

54E         Capital gain on transfer of capital assets not to be charged in certain cases

54EA       Capital gain on transfer of long-term capital assets not to be charged in the case of investment in specified securities

54EB       Capital gain on transfer of long-term capital assets not to be charged in certain cases

54EC      Capital gain not to be charged on investment in certain bonds

54ED      Capital gain on transfer of certain listed securities or unit, not to be charged in certain cases

54F         Capital gain on transfer of certain capital assets not to be charged in case of investment in residential house

54G        Exemption of capital gains on transfer of assets in cases of shifting of industrial undertaking from urban area

54GA      Exemption of capital gains on transfer of assets in cases of shifting of industrial undertaking from urban area to any Special Economic Zone

54H        Extension of time for acquiring new asset or depositing or investing amount of capital gain

55          Meaning of adjusted, cost of improvement and cost of acquisition

55A        Reference to Valuation Officer

F. - Income from other sources

56          Income from other sources

57          Deductions

58          Amounts not deductible

59          Profits chargeable to tax

Chapter V

INCOME OF OTHER PERSONS, INCLUDED IN ASSESSEES TOTAL INCOME

60          Transfer of income where there is no transfer of assets

61          Revocable transfer of assets

62          Transfer irrevocable for a specified period

63          Transfer and revocable transfer defined

64          Income of individual to include income of spouse, minor child, etc.

65          Liability of person in respect of income included in the income of another person

Chapter VI

AGGREGATION OF INCOME AND SET OFF OR CARRY FORWARD OF LOSS

AGGREGATION OF INCOME

66          Total income

67          [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1992, W.E.F. 1-4-1993]

67A        Method of computing a members share in income of association of persons or body of individuals

68          Cash credits

69          Unexplained investments

69A        Unexplained money, etc.

69B        Amount of investments, etc., not fully disclosed in books of account

69C        Unexplained expenditure, etc.

69D        Amount borrowed or repaid on hundi Set off, or carry forward and set off

70          Set off of loss from one source against income from another source under the same head of income

71          Set off of loss from one head against income from another

71A        Transitional provisions for set off of loss under the head Income from house property

71B        Carry forward and set off of loss from house property

72          Carry forward and set off of business losses

72A        Provisions relating to carry forward and set off of accumulated loss and unabsorbed depreciation allowance inamalgamation or demerger, etc.

72AA      Provisions relating to carry forward and set off of accumulated loss and unabsorbed depreciation allowance in scheme of amalgamation of banking company in certain cases

72AB      Provisions relating to carry forward and set off of accumulated loss and unabsorbed depreciation allowance in business reorganization of co-operative banks

73          Losses in speculation business

74          Losses under the head Capital gains

74A        Losses from certain specified sources falling under the head "income from other sources"

75          Losses of firms

76          [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1992, W.E.F. 1-4-1993]

77          [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1992, W.E.F. 1-4-1993]

78          Carry forward and set off of losses in case of change in constitution of firm or on succession

79          Carry forward and set off of losses in the case of certain companies

80          Submission of return for losses

Chapter VIA

DEDUCTIONS TO BE MADE IN COMPUTING TOTAL INCOME

A. - General

80A        Deductions to be made in computing total income

80AA      [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1997, W.E.F. 1-4-1998]

80AB      Deductions to be made with reference to the income included in the gross total income

80AC      Deduction not to be allowed unless return furnished

80B        Definitions

B. - Deductions in respect of certain payments

80C        Deduction in respect of life insurance premia, deferred annuity, contributions to provident fund, subscription to certain equity shares or debentures, etc.

80CC      [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE (NO. 2) ACT, 1996, W.R.E.F. 1-4-1993]

80CCA    Deduction in respect of deposits under National Savings Scheme or payment to a deferred annuity plan

80CCB    Deduction in respect of investment made under Equity Linked Savings Scheme

80CCC    Deduction in respect of contribution to certain pension funds

80CCD    Deduction in respect of contribution to pension scheme of Central Government

80CCE    Limit on deductions under sections 80C, 80CCC and 80CCD

80D        Deduction in respect of medical insurance premia

80DD      Deduction in respect of maintenance including medical treatment of a dependent who is a person with disability

80DDB    Deduction in respect of medical treatment, etc.

80E         Deduction in respect of interest on loan taken for higher education

80F         [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1985, W.E.F. 1-4-1986]

80FF       [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE (NO. 2) ACT, 1980, W.E.F. 1-4-1981]

80G        Deduction in respect of donations to certain funds, charitable institutions, etc.

80GG      Deductions in respect of rents paid

80GGA    Deduction in respect of certain donations for scientific research or rural development

80GGB    Deduction in respect of contributions given by companies to political parties

80GGC   Deductions in respect of contributions given by any person to political parties

C. - Deductions in respect of certain incomes

80H        [OMITTED BY THE TAXATION LAWS (AMENDMENT) ACT, 1975, W.E.F. 1-4-1976]

80HH      Deduction in respect of profits and gains from newly established industrial undertakings or hotel business in backward areas

80HHA    Deduction in respect of profits and gains from newly established small-scale industrial undertakings in certain areas

80HHB    Deduction in respect of profits and gains from projects outside India

80HHBA  Deduction in respect of profits and gains from housing projects in certain cases

80HHC    Deduction in respect of profits retained for export business

80HHD    Deduction in respect of earnings in convertible foreign exchange

80HHE    Deduction in respect of profits from export of computer software, etc.

80HHF    Deduction in respect of profits and gains from export or transfer of film software, etc.

80I         Deduction in respect of profits and gains from industrial undertakings after a certain date, etc.

80IA       Deductions in respect of profits and gains from industrial undertakings or enterprises engaged in infrastructure development, etc.

80IAB     Deductions in respect of profits and gains by an undertaking or enterprise engaged in development of Special Economic Zone

80IB       Deduction in respect of profits and gains from certain industrial undertakings other than infrastructure development undertakings

80IC       Special provisions in respect of certain undertakings or enterprises in certain special category States

80ID       Deduction in respect of profits and gains from business of hotels and convention centres in specified area

80IE        Special provisions in respect of certain undertakings in North-Eastern States

80J         [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE (NO. 2) ACT, 1996, W.R.E.F. 1-4-1989]

80JJ        [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1997, W.E.F. 1-4-1998]

80JJA      Deduction in respect of profits and gains from business of collecting and processing of bio-degradable waste

80JJAA    Deduction in respect of employment of new workmen

80K        [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1986, W.E.F. 1-4-1987]

80L         [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 2005, W.E.F. 1-4-2006]

80LA       Deduction in respect of certain incomes of Offshore Banking Units and International Financial Services Centre

80M        [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 2003, W.E.F. 1-4-2004]

80MM     [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1983, W.E.F. 1-4-1984]

80N        [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1985, W.E.F. 1-4-1986]

80O        Deduction in respect of royalties, etc., from certain foreign enterprises

80P         Deduction in respect of income of co-operative societies

80Q        Deduction in respect of profits and gains from the business of publication of books

80QQ      [OMITTED BY THE DIRECT TAX LAWS (AMENDMENT) ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-4-1989]

80QQA    Deduction in respect of professional income of authors of text books in Indian languages

80QQB    Deduction in respect of royalty income, etc., of authors of certain books other than text books

80R        Deduction in respect of remuneration from certain foreign sources in the case of professors, teachers, etc.

80RR      Deduction in respect of professional income from foreign sources in certain cases

80RRA    Deduction in respect of remuneration received for services rendered outside India

80RRB    Deduction in respect of royalty on Patents

80S        [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1986, W.E.F. 1-4-1987]

80T         [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-4-1988]

80TT       [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1986, W.E.F. 1-4-1987]

D. - Other deductions

80U        Deduction in case of a person with disability

80V        [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1994, W.E.F. 1-4-1995]

80VV      [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1985, W.E.F. 1-4-1986]

Chapter VIB

RESTRICTION ON CERTAIN DEDUCTIONS IN THE CASE OF COMPANIES

80VVA    [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-4-1988]

Chapter VII

INCOMES FORMING PART OF TOTAL INCOME ON WHICH NO INCOME-TAX IS PAYABLE

81          [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE (NO. 2) ACT, 1967, W.E.F. 1-4-1968]

82.         Dividends from co-operative Society

83.         Income of marketing Society

84.         Income of newly established industrial undertakings or Hotels

85.         Dividend from new industrial undertaking or hotel

85A.       Deduction of tax on inter-corporate dividends

85B.       Deduction of tax on dividends received from certain foreign companies

85C.       Deduction of tax on royalties, etc., received from certain foreign companies

86          Share of member of an association of persons or body of individuals in the income of the association or body

86A        [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1988, W.E.F. 1-4-1989]

Chapter VIII

REBATES AND RELIEFS

A. - Rebate of income-tax

87          Rebate to be allowed in computing income-tax

87A        [Omitted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1967, w.e.f. 1-4-1968]

88          Rebate on life insurance premia, contribution to provident fund, etc.

88A        [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE (NO. 2) ACT, 1996, W.R.E.F. 1-4-1994]

88B        [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 2005, W.E.F. 1-4-2006]

88C        [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 2005, W.E.F. 1-4-2006]

88D        [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 2005, W.E.F. 1-4-2006]

88E         Rebate in respect of securities transaction tax

B. - Relief for income-tax

89          Relief when salary, etc., is paid in arrears or in advance

89A        [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1983, W.E.F. 1-4-1983]

Chapter IX

DOUBLE TAXATION RELIEF

90          Agreement with foreign countries

90A        Adoption by Central Government of agreements between specified associations for double taxation relief

91          Countries with which no agreement exists

Chapter X

SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO AVOIDANCE OF TAX

92          Computation of income from international transaction having regard to arms length price

92A        Meaning of associated enterprise

92B        Meaning of international transaction

92C        Computation of arms length price

92CA      Reference to Transfer Pricing Officer

92D        Maintenance and keeping of information and document by persons entering into an international transaction

92E         Report from an accountant to be furnished by persons entering into international transaction

92F         Definitions of certain terms relevant to computation of arms length price, etc

93          Avoidance of income-tax by transactions resulting in transfer of income to non-residents

94          Avoidance of tax by certain transactions in securities

Chapter XI

ADDITIONAL INCOME-TAX ON UNDISTRIBUTED PROFITS

104        [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-4-1988]

105        [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-4-1988]

106        [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-4-1988]

107        [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-4-1988]

107A      [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-4-1988]

108        [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-4-1988]

109        [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-4-1988]

Chapter XII

DETERMINATION OF TAX IN CERTAIN SPECIAL CASES

110        Determination of tax where total income includes income on which no tax is payable

111        Tax on accumulated balance of recognised provident fund

111A      Tax on short-term capital gains in certain cases

112        Tax on long-term capital gains

112A      [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1988, W.E.F. 1-4-1989]

113        Tax in the case of block assessment of search cases

114        [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE (NO. 2) ACT, 1967, W.E.F. 1-4-1968]

115        [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-4-1988]

115A      Tax on dividends, royalty and technical service fees in the case of foreign companies

115AB    Tax on income from units purchased in foreign currency or capital gains arising from their transfer

115AC    Tax on income from bonds or Global Depository Receipts purchased in foreign currency or capital gains arising from their  transfer

115AC   Tax on income from Global Depository Receipts purchased in foreign currency or capital gains arising from their transfer

115AD    Tax on income of Foreign Institutional Investors from securities or capital gains arising from their transfer

115B      Tax on profits and gains of life insurance business

115BB    Tax on winnings from lotteries, crossword puzzles, races including horse races, card games and other games of any sort or gambling or betting of any form or nature whatsoever

115BBA  Tax on non-resident sportsmen or sports associations

115BBB  Tax on income from units of an open-ended equity oriented fund of the unit Trust of India or of Mutual Funds

115BBC       Anonymous donations to be taxed in certain cases

Chapter XIIA

SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO CERTAIN INCOMES OF NON-RESIDENTS

115C Definitions

115D Special provision for computation of total income of non-residents

115E  Tax on investment income and long-term capital gains

115F  Capital gains on transfer of foreign exchange assets not to be charged in certain cases

115G Return of income not to be filed in certain cases

115H Benefit under Chapter to be available in certain cases even after the assessee becomes resident

115I   Chapter not to apply if the assessee so chooses

CHAPTER XII-B

SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO CERTAIN COMPANIES

115J.      Special provisions relating to certain companies

115JA.    Deemed income relating to certain companies

115JAA.  Tax credit in respect of tax paid on deemed income relating to certain companies

115JB.    Special provision for payment of tax by certain companies

Chapter XIIC

SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO RETAIL TRADE, ETC.

115K      [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1997, W.E.F. 1-4-1998]

115L       [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1997, W.E.F. 1-4-1998]

115M      [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1997, W.E.F. 1-4-1998]

115N      [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1997, W.E.F. 1-4-1998]

Chapter XIID

SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO TAX ON DISTRIBUTED PROFITS OF DOMESTIC COMPANIES

115O      Tax on distributed profits of domestic companies

115P       Interest payable for non-payment of tax by domestic companies

115Q      When company is deemed to be in default

Chapter XIIE

SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO TAX ON DISTRIBUTED INCOME

115R      Tax on distributed income to unit holders

115S      Interest payable for non-payment of tax

115T       Unit Trust of India or mutual fund to be an assessee in default

Chapter XIIF

SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO TAX ON INCOME RECEIVED FROM VENTURE CAPITAL COMPANIES AND VENTURE CAPITAL FUNDS

115U Tax on income in certain cases

Chapter XIIG

SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO INCOME OF SHIPPING COMPANIES

A. - Meaning of certain expressions

115V  Definitions

B. - Computation of tonnage income from business of operating qualifying ships

115VA    Computation of profits and gains from the business of operating qualifying ships

115VB    Operating ships

115VC    Qualifying company

115VD    Qualifying ship

115VE     Manner of computation of income under tonnage tax scheme

115VF     Tonnage income

115VG    Computation of tonnage income

115VH    Calculation in case of joint operation, etc.

115VI     Relevant shipping income

115VJ     Treatment of common costs

115VK    Depreciation

115VL     General exclusion of deduction and set off, etc.

115VM    Exclusion of loss

115VN    Chargeable gains from transfer of tonnage tax assets

115VO    Exclusion from provisions of section 115JB

C. - Procedure for option of tonnage tax scheme

115VP     Method and time of opting for tonnage tax scheme

115VQ    Period for which tonnage tax option to remain in force

115VR    Renewal of tonnage tax scheme

115VS    Prohibition to opt for tonnage tax scheme in certain cases

D. - Conditions for applicability of tonnage tax scheme

115VT     Transfer of profits to Tonnage Tax Reserve Account

115VU    Minimum training requirement for tonnage tax company

115VV    Limit for charter in of tonnage

115VW   Maintenance and audit of accounts

115VX    Determination of tonnage

E. - Amalgamation and demerger of shipping companies

115VY     Amalgamation

115VZ    Demerger

F. - Miscellaneous

115VZA  Effect of temporarily ceasing to operate qualifying ships

G. - Provisions of this Chapter not to apply in certain cases

115VZB  Avoidance of tax

115VZ    Exclusion from tonnage tax scheme

Chapter XIIH

INCOME-TAX ON FRINGE BENEFITS

A. - Meaning of certain expressions

115W     Definitions

B. - Basis of charge

115WA   Charge of fringe benefit tax

115WB   Fringe benefits

115WC   Value of fringe benefits

C. - Procedure for filing of return in respect of fringe benefits, assessment and payment of tax  in respect Thereof

115WD   Return of fringe benefits

115WE    Assessment

115WF    Best judgment assessment

115WG   Fringe benefits escaping assessment

115WH   Issue of notice where fringe benefits have escaped assessment

115WI    Payment of fringe benefit tax

115WJ    Advance tax in respect of fringe benefits

115WK   Interest for default in furnishing return of fringe benefits

115WKA Recovery of fringe benefit tax by the employer from the employee

115WKB Deemed payment of tax by employee

115WL    Application of other provisions of this Act

 

Chapter XIII

INCOME-TAX AUTHORITIES

A. - Appointment and control

116        Income-tax authorities

117        Appointment of income-tax authorities

118        Control of income-tax authorities

119        Instructions to subordinate authorities

B. - Jurisdiction

120        Jurisdiction of income-tax authorities

121        [OMITTED BY THE DIRECT TAX LAWS (AMENDMENT) ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-4-1988]

121A      [OMITTED BY THE DIRECT TAX LAWS (AMENDMENT) ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-4-1988]

122        [OMITTED BY THE DIRECT TAX LAWS (AMENDMENT) ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-4-1988]

123        [OMITTED BY THE DIRECT TAX LAWS (AMENDMENT) ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-4-1988]

124        Jurisdiction of Assessing Officers

125        [OMITTED BY THE DIRECT TAX LAWS (AMENDMENT) ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-4-1988]

125A      [OMITTED BY THE DIRECT TAX LAWS (AMENDMENT) ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-4-1988]

126        [OMITTED BY THE DIRECT TAX LAWS (AMENDMENT) ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-4-1988]

127        Power to transfer cases

128        [OMITTED BY THE DIRECT TAX LAWS (AMENDMENT) ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-4-1988]

129        Change of incumbent of an office

130        [OMITTED BY THE DIRECT TAX LAWS (AMENDMENT) ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-4-1988]

130A      [OMITTED BY THE DIRECT TAX LAWS (AMENDMENT) ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-4-1988]

C. - Powers

131        Power regarding discovery, production of evidence, etc.

132        Search and seizure

132A      Powers to requisition books of account, etc.

132B      Application of seized or requisitioned assets

133        Power to call for information

133A      Power of survey

133B      Power to collect certain information

134        Power to inspect registers of companies

135        Power of Director General or Director, Chief Commissioner or Commissioner and Joint Commissioner

136        Proceedings before income-tax authorities to be judicial proceedings

D. - Disclosure of information

137        [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1964, W.E.F. 1-4-1964]

138        Disclosure of information respecting assessees

Chapter XIV

PROCEDURE FOR ASSESSMENT

139        Return of income

139A      Permanent account number

139B      Scheme for submission of returns through Tax Return Preparers

139C      Power of Board to dispense with furnishing documents, etc., with the return

139D      Filing of return in electronic form

140        Return by whom to be signed

140A      Self-assessment

141        [OMITTED BY THE TAXATION LAWS (AMENDMENT) ACT, 1970, W.E.F. 1-4-1971]

141A      [OMITTED BY THE DIRECT TAX LAWS (AMENDMENT) ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-4-1989]

142        Inquiry before assessment

142A      Estimate by Valuation Officer in certain cases

143        Assessment

144        Best judgment assessment

144A      Power of Joint Commissioner to issue directions in certain cases

144B      [OMITTED BY THE DIRECT TAX LAWS (AMENDMENT) ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-4-1989]

145        Method of accounting

145A      Method of accounting in certain cases

146        [OMITTED BY THE DIRECT TAX LAWS (AMENDMENT) ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-4-1989]

147        Income escaping assessment

148        Issue of notice where income has escaped assessment

149        Time limit for notice

150        Provision for cases where assessment is in pursuance of an order on appeal, etc.

151        Sanction for issue of notice

152        Other provisions

153        Time limit for completion of assessments and reassessments

153A      Assessment in case of search or requisition

153B      Time limit for completion of assessment under section 153A

153C      Assessment of income of any other person

153D      Prior approval necessary for assessment in cases of search or requisition

154        Rectification of mistake

155        Other amendments

156        Notice of demand

157        Intimation of loss

158        Intimation of assessment of firm

Chapter XIVA

SPECIAL PROVISION FOR AVOIDING REPETITIVE APPEALS

158A      Procedure when assessee claims identical question of law is pending before High Court or Supreme Court

Chapter XIVB

SPECIAL PROCEDURE FOR ASSESSMENT OF SEARCH CASES

158B      Definitions

158BA    Assessment of undisclosed income as a result of search

158BB    Computation of undisclosed income of the block period

158BC    Procedure for block assessment

158BD    Undisclosed income of any other person

158BE     Time limit for completion of block assessment

158BF     Certain interests and penalties not to be levied or imposed

158BFA   Levy of interest and penalty in certain cases

158BG    Authority competent to make the block assessment

158BH    Application of other provisions of this Act

158BI     Chapter not to apply after certain date

Chapter XV

LIABILITY IN SPECIAL CASES

A. - Legal representatives

159        Legal representatives

B. - Representative assesses - General provisions

160        Representative assessee

161        Liability of representative assessee

162        Right of representative assessee to recover tax paid

C. - Representative assesses - Special cases

163        Who may be regarded as agent

164        Charge of tax where share of beneficiaries unknown

164A      Charge of tax in case of oral trust

165        Case where part of trust income is chargeable

D. - Representative assessees - Miscellaneous provisions

166        Direct assessment or recovery not barred

167        Remedies against property in cases of representative assessees

DD. - Firms, association of persons and body of individuals

167A      Charge of tax in the case of a firm

167B      Charge of tax where shares of members in association of persons or body of individuals unknown, etc.

E. - Executors

168        Executors

169        Right of executor to recover tax paid

F. - Succession to business or profession

170        Succession to business otherwise than on death

G. - Partition

171        Assessment after partition of a Hindu undivided family

H. - Profits of non-residents from occasional shipping business

172        Shipping business of non-residents

I. - Recovery of tax in respect of non-residents

173        Recovery of tax in respect of non-resident from his assets

J. - Persons leaving India

174        Assessment of persons leaving Indi

JA. - Association of persons or body of individuals or artificial juridical person formed for a particular event or purpose

174A      Assessment of association of persons or body of individuals or artificial juridical person formed for a particular event or purpose

K. - Persons trying to alienate their assets

175        Assessment of persons likely to transfer property to avoid tax

L. - Discontinuance of business, or dissolution

176        Discontinued business

177        Association dissolved or business discontinued

178        Company in liquidation

M. - Private companies

179        Liability of directors of private company in liquidation

N. - Special provisions for certain kinds of income

180        Royalties or copyright fees for literary or artistic work

180A      Consideration for know-how

O. - [Omitted]

181        [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1988, W.E.F. 1-4-1989]

Chapter XVI

SPECIAL PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO FIRMS

A. - Assessment of firms

182    [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1992, W.E.F. 1-4-1993]

183    [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1992, W.E.F. 1-4-1993]

184    Assessment as a firm

185    Assessment when section 184 not complied with

C. - Changes in constitution, succession and dissolution

187    Change in constitution of a firm

188    Succession of one firm by another firm

188A  Joint and several liability of partners for tax payable by firm

189    Firm dissolved or business discontinued

189A  Provisions applicable to past assessments of firms

Chapter XVII

COLLECTION AND RECOVERY OF TAX

A. - General

190        Deduction at source and advance payment

191        Direct payment

B. - Deduction at source

192        Salary

193        Interest on securities

194        Dividends

194A      Interest other than Interest on securities

194B      Winnings from lottery or crossword puzzle

194BB    Winnings from horse race

194C      Payments to contractors and sub-contractors

194D      Insurance commission

194E       Payments to non-resident sportsmen or sports associations

194EE     Payments in respect of deposits under National Savings Scheme, etc.

194F       Payments on account of repurchase of units by Mutual Fund or Unit Trust of India

194G      Commission, etc., on the sale of lottery tickets

194H      Commission or brokerage

194I       Rent

194J       Fees for professional or technical services

194K      Income in respect of units

194L        Payment of compensation on acquisition of capital asset

194LA     Payment of compensation on acquisition of certain immovable property

195        Other sums

195A      Income payable net of tax

196        Interest or dividend or other sums payable to Government, Reserve Bank or certain corporations

196A      Income in respect of units of non-residents

196B      Income from units

196C      Income from foreign currency bonds or shares of Indian company

196D      Income of Foreign Institutional Investors from securities

197        Certificate for deduction at lower rate

197A      No deduction to be made in certain cases

198        Tax deducted is income received

199        Credit for tax deducted

200        Duty of person deducting tax

201        Consequences of failure to deduct or pay

202        Deduction only one mode of recovery

203        Certificate for tax deducted

203A      Tax deduction and collection account number

203AA    Furnishing of statement of tax deducted

204        Meaning of person responsible for paying

205        Bar against direct demand on assessee

206        Persons deducting tax to furnish prescribed returns

206A      Furnishing of quarterly return in respect of payment of interest to residents without deduction of tax

206B      [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE (NO. 2) ACT, 1996, W.E.F. 1-10-1996]

BB. - Collection at source

206C      Profits and gains from the business of trading in alcoholic liquor, forest produce, scrap, etc.

206CA    Tax collection account number

C. - Advance payment of tax

207        Liability for payment of advance tax

208        Conditions of liability to pay advance tax

209        Computation of advance tax

209A      [OMITTED BY THE DIRECT TAX LAWS (AMDT.) ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-4-1988]

210        Payment of advance tax by the assessee of his own accord or in pursuance of order of Assessing Officer

211        Instalments of advance tax and due dates

212        [OMITTED BY THE DIRECT TAX LAWS (AMDT.) ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-4-1988]

213        [OMITTED BY THE DIRECT TAX LAWS (AMDT.) ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-4-1988]

214        Interest payable by Government

215        Interest payable by assessee

216        Interest payable by assessee in case of under-estimate, etc.

217        Interest payable by assessee when no estimate made

218        When assessee deemed to be in default

219        Credit for advance tax

D. - Collection and recovery

220        When tax payable and when assessee deemed in default

221        Penalty payable when tax in default

222        Certificate to Tax Recovery Officer

223        Tax Recovery Officer by whom recovery is to be effected

224        Validity of certificate and cancellation or amendment thereof

225        Stay of proceedings in pursuance of certificate and amendment or cancellation thereof

226        Other modes of recovery

227        Recovery through State Government

228        [OMITTED BY THE DIRECT TAX LAWS (AMDT.) ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-4-1989]

228A      Recovery of tax in pursuance of agreements with foreign countries

229        Recovery of penalties, fine, interest and other sums

230        Tax clearance certificate

230A      [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 2001, W.E.F. 1-6-2001]

231        [OMITTED BY THE DIRECT TAX LAWS (AMENDMENT) ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-4-198]

232        Recovery by suit or under other law not affected

E. - Tax payable under provisional assessment

233        [OMITTED BY THE TAXATION LAWS (AMENDMENT) ACT, 1970, W.E.F. 1-4-1971]

234        [OMITTED BY THE DIRECT TAX LAWS (AMENDMENT) ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-4-1989]

F. - Interest chargeable in certain cases

234A      Interest for defaults in furnishing return of income

234B      Interest for defaults in payment of advance tax

234C      Interest for deferment of advance tax

234D      Interest on excess refund

Chapter XVIII

RELIEF RESPECTING TAX ON DIVIDENDS IN CERTAIN CASES

235        [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE (NO. 2) ACT, 1971, W.E.F. 1-4-1972]

236        Relief to company in respect of dividend paid out of past taxed profits

236A      Relief to certain charitable institutions or funds in respect of certain dividends

Chapter XIX

REFUNDS

237        Refunds

238        Person entitled to claim refund in certain special cases

239        Form of claim for refund and limitation

240        Refund on appeal, etc.

241        [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 2001, W.E.F. 1-6-2001]

242        Correctness of assessment not to be questioned

243        Interest on delayed refunds

244        Interest on refund where no claim is needed

244A      Interest on refunds

245        Set off of refunds against tax remaining payable

Chapter XIXA

SETTLEMENT OF CASES

245A      Definitions

245B      Income-tax Settlement Commission

245BA    Jurisdiction and powers of Settlement Commission

245BB    Vice-Chairman to act as Chairman or to discharge his functions in certain circumstances

245BC    Power of Chairman to transfer cases from one Bench to another

245BD    Decision to be by majority

245C      Application for settlement of cases

245D      Procedure on receipt of an application under section 245C

245DD    Power of Settlement Commission to order provisional attachment to protect revenue

245E       Power of Settlement Commission to reopen completed proceedings

245F       Powers and procedure of Settlement Commission

245G      Inspection, etc., of reports

245H      Power of Settlement Commission to grant immunity from prosecution and penalty

245HA    Abatement of proceeding before Settlement Commission

245HAA  Credit for tax paid in case of abatement of proceedings

245I       Order of settlement to be conclusive

245J       Recovery of sums due under order of settlement

245K      Bar on subsequent application for settlement

245L       Proceedings before Settlement Commission to be judicial proceedings

245M      [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-6-1987]

Chapter XIXB

ADVANCE RULINGS

245N      Definitions

245O      Authority for advance rulings

245P       Vacancies, etc., not to invalidate proceedings

245Q      Application for advance ruling

245R      Procedure on receipt of application

245RR    Appellate authority not to proceed in certain cases

245S      Applicability of advance ruling

245T       Advance ruling to be void in certain circumstances

245U      Powers of the Authority

245V      Procedure of Authority

Chapter XX

APPEALS AND REVISION

A. - Appeals to the Deputy Commissioner (Appeals) and Commissioner (Appeals)

246        Appealable orders

246A      Appealable orders before Commissioner (Appeals)

247        [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1992, W.E.F. 1-4-1993]

248        Appeal by person denying liability to deduct tax in certain cases

249        Form of appeal and limitation

250        Procedure in appeal

251        Powers of the Commissioner (Appeals)

B. - Appeals to the Appellate Tribunal

252        Appellate Tribunal

253        Appeals to the Appellate Tribunal

254        Orders of Appellate Tribunal

255        Procedure of Appellate Tribunal

C. - [omitted by the National Tax Tribunal Act, 2005, with effect from a date yet to be notified]

256        [OMITTED BY THE NATIONAL TAX TRIBUNAL ACT, 2005, WITH EFFECT FROM A DATE YET TO BE NOTIFIED]

257        Statement of case to Supreme Court in certain cases

258        [OMITTED BY THE NATIONAL TAX TRIBUNAL ACT, 2005, WITH EFFECT FROM A DATE YET TO BE NOTIFIED]

259        [OMITTED BY THE NATIONAL TAX TRIBUNAL ACT, 2005, WITH EFFECT FROM A DATE YET TO BE NOTIFIED]

260        Effect to the decisions of Supreme Court and of the National Tax Tribunal

CC. - Appeals to High Court

260A      Appeal to High Court

260B      Case before High Court to be heard by not less than two Judges

D. - Appeals to the Supreme Court

261        Appeal to Supreme Court

262        Hearing before Supreme Court

E. - Revision by the Commissioner

263        Revision of orders prejudicial to revenue

264        Revision of other orders

F. - General

265        Tax to be paid notwithstanding reference, etc.

266        Execution for costs awarded by Supreme Court

267        Amendment of assessment on appeal

268        Exclusion of time taken for copy

268A      Filing of appeal or application for reference by income-tax authority

269        Definition of High Court

Chapter XXA

ACQUISITION OF IMMOVABLE PROPERTIES IN CERTAIN CASES OF TRANSFER TO COUNTERACT EVASION OF TAX

269A      Definitions

269AB    Registration of certain transactions

269B      Competent authority

269C      Immovable property in respect of which proceedings for acquisition may be taken

269D      Preliminary notice

269E       Objections

269F       Hearing of objections

269G      Appeal against order for acquisition

269H      Appeal to High Court

269I       Vesting of property in Central Government

269J       Compensation

269K      Payment or deposit of compensation

269L       Assistance by Valuation Officers

269M      Powers of competent authority

269N      Rectification of mistakes

269O      Appearance by authorized representative or registered valuer

269P       Statement to be furnished in respect of transfers of immovable property

269Q      Chapter not to apply to transfers to relatives

269R      Properties liable for acquisition under this Chapter not to be acquired under other laws

269RR    Chapter not to apply where transfer of immovable property made after a certain date

269S      Chapter not to extend to State of Jammu and Kashmir

Chapter XXB

REQUIREMENT AS TO MODE OF ACCEPTANCE, PAYMENT OR REPAYMENT IN CERTAIN CASES TO COUNTERACT EVASION OF TAX

269SS    Mode of taking or accepting certain loans and deposits

269T       Mode of repayment of certain loans or deposits

269TT     Mode of repayment of Special Bearer Bonds, 1991

Chapter XXC

PURCHASE BY CENTRAL GOVERNMENT OF IMMOVABLE PROPERTIES IN CERTAIN CASES OF TRANSFER

269U      Commencement of Chapter

269UA    Definitions

269UB    Appropriate authority

269UC    Restrictions on transfer of immovable property

269UD    Order by appropriate authority for purchase by Central Government of immovable property

269UE    Vesting of property in Central Government

269UF    Consideration for purchase of immovable property by Central Government

269UG    Payment or deposit of consideration

269UH    Re-vesting of property in the transferor on failure of payment or deposit of consideration

269UI     Powers of the appropriate authority

269UJ     Rectification of mistakes

269UK    Restrictions on revocation or alteration of certain agreements for the transfer of immovable property or on transfer of certain immovable property

269UL     Restrictions on registration, etc., of documents in respect of transfer of immovable property

269UM    Immunity to transferor against claims of transferee for transfer

269UN    Order of appropriate authority to be final and conclusive

269UO    Chapter not to apply to certain transfers

269UP    Chapter not to apply where transfer of immovable property effected after certain date

Chapter XXI

PENALTIES IMPOSABLE

270        [OMITTED BY THE DIRECT TAX LAWS (AMENDMENT) ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-4-1989]

271        Failure to furnish returns, comply with notices, concealment of income, etc.

271A      Failure to keep, maintain or retain books of account, documents, etc.

271AA    Penalty for failure to keep and maintain information and document in respect of international transaction

271AAA Penalty where search has been initiated

271B      Failure to get accounts audited

271BA    Penalty for failure to furnish report under section 92E

271BB    Failure to subscribe to the eligible issue of capital

271C      Penalty for failure to deduct tax at source

271CA    Penalty for failure to collect tax at source

271D      Penalty for failure to comply with the provisions of section 269SS

271E       Penalty for failure to comply with the provisions of section 269T

271F       Penalty for failure to furnish return of income

271FA     Penalty for failure to furnish annual information return

271FB     Penalty for failure to furnish return of fringe benefits

271G      Penalty for failure to furnish information or document under section 92D

272        [OMITTED BY THE DIRECT TAX LAWS (AMENDMENT) ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-4-1989]

272A      Penalty for failure to answer questions, sign statements, furnish information, returns or statements, allow inspections, etc.

272AA    Penalty for failure to comply with the provisions of section 133B

272B      Penalty for failure to comply with the provisions of section 139A

272BB    Penalty for failure to comply with the provisions of section 203A

272BBB  Penalty for failure to comply with the provisions of section 206CA

273        False estimate of, or failure to pay, advance tax

273A      Power to reduce or waive penalty, etc., in certain cases

273AA    Power of Commissioner to grant immunity from penalty

273B      Penalty not to be imposed in certain cases

274        Procedure

275        Bar of limitation for imposing penalties

Chapter XXII

OFFENCES AND PROSECUTIONS

275A      Contravention of order made under sub-section (3) of section 132

275B      Failure to comply with the provisions of clause (iib) of sub-section (1) of section 132

276        Removal, concealment, transfer or delivery of property to thwart tax recovery

276A      Failure to comply with the provisions of sub-sections (1) and (3) of section 178

276AA    [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1986, W.E.F. 1-10-1986]

276AB    Failure to comply with the provisions of sections 269UC, 269UE and 269UL

276B      Failure to pay tax to the credit of Central Government under Chapter XII-D or XVII-B

276BB    Failure to pay the tax collected at source

276C      Wilful attempt to evade tax, etc

276CC    Failure to furnish returns of income

276CCC  Failure to furnish return of income in search cases

276D      Failure to produce accounts and documents

276DD    [OMITTED BY THE DIRECT TAX LAWS (AMENDMENT) ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-4-1989]

276E       [OMITTED BY THE DIRECT TAX LAWS (AMENDMENT) ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-4-1989]

277        False statement in verification, etc.

277A      Falsification of books of account or document, etc.

278        Abetment of false return, etc.

278A      Punishment for second and subsequent offences

278AA    Punishment not to be imposed in certain cases

278AB    Power of Commissioner to grant immunity from prosecution

278B      Offences by companies

278C      Offences by Hindu undivided families

278D      Presumption as to assets, books of account, etc., in certain cases

278E       Presumption as to culpable mental state

279        Prosecution to be at instance of Chief Commissioner or Commissioner

279A      Certain offences to be non-cognizable

279B      Proof of entries in records or documents

280        Disclosure of particulars by public servants

Chapter XXIIA

ANNUITY DEPOSITS

280A

TO 280X  [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1988, W.E.F. 1-4-1988]

Chapter XXIIB

TAX CREDIT CERTIFICATES

 

280Y       [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1990, W.E.F. 1-4-1990]

280Z      [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1990, W.E.F. 1-4-1990]

280ZA    [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-4-1988]

280ZB    [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1990, W.E.F. 1-4-1990]

280ZC    [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1990, W.E.F. 1-4-1990]

280ZD    [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1990, W.E.F. 1-4-1990]

280ZE     [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1990, W.E.F. 1-4-1990]

Chapter XXIII

MISCELLANEOUS

281        Certain transfers to be void

281A      [REPEALED BY THE BENAMI TRANSACTIONS (PROHIBITION) ACT, 1988, W.E.F. 19-5-1988]

281B      Provisional attachment to protect revenue in certain cases

282        Service of notice generally

282A      Authentication of notices and other documents

283        Service of notice when family is disrupted or firm, etc., is dissolved

284        Service of notice in the case of discontinued business

285        [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-6-1987]

285A      [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1988, W.E.F. 1-4-1988]

285B      Submission of statements by producers of cinematograph films

285BA    Obligation to furnish annual information return

286        [OMITTED BY THE FINANCE ACT, 1987, W.E.F. 1-6-1987]

287        Publication of information respecting assessees in certain cases

287A      Appearance by registered valuer in certain matters

288        Appearance by authorized representative

288A      Rounding off of income

288B      Rounding off amount payable and refund due

289        Receipt to be given

290        Indemnity

291        Power to tender immunity from prosecution

292        Cognizance of offences

292A      Section 360 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, and the Probation of Offenders Act, 1958, not to apply

292B      Return of income, etc., not to be invalid on certain grounds

292BB    Notice deemed to be valid in certain circumstances

292C      Presumption as to assets, books of account, etc.

293        Bar of suits in civil courts

293A      Power to make exemption, etc., in relation to participation in the business of prospecting for, extraction, etc., of mineral   

              oils

293B      Power of Central Government or Board to condone delays in obtaining approval

294        Act to have effect pending legislative provision for charge of tax

294A      Power to make exemption, etc., in relation to certain Union territories

295        Power to make rules

296        Rules and certain notifications to be placed before Parliament

297        Repeals and savings

298        Power to remove difficulties